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PROMISED TO ENHANCE YOU CHANCES SUCCESS

 

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BIDDALO COACHING ACADEMY

Navy hospital gate, near by 2 No Sailor's colony, Emam building, ground floor, Bandar, Chittagong.

Mobile No: 01914681272, 01913409290

BIDDALO COACHING ACADEMY

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Article 

msÁv t- Article ev c`vwkªZ wb‡`©kK hv Noun Gi c~‡e© e¨eüZ n‡q Noun Gi msL¨v I Ae¯’vb‡K wb‡©`k K‡i|

Bs‡iRx‡Z A, An Ges The g~jZ Adjective wnmv‡e KvR K‡i- G wZbwU‡K GK‡Î Article ejv nq| A, An Ges The G Article ¸‡jv g~jZ †Kvb Noun †K wb‡`©k K‡i| Adjective wnmv‡e G¸‡jvi mv‡_ mvaviY Adjective Gi cv_©K¨ n‡”Q mvaviY Adjective Gi wZbwU gvÎv (Degree) nq| wKš‘ A, An Ges The Gi wZbwU gvÎv nq bv|

Article `yB cÖKvi| h_v t-

1. Indefinite Article (Awbw`©ó)

2. Definite Article (wbw`©ó)

Countable Noun Gi c~‡e© Aek¨B Article emv‡Z nq| †hgbt-

Incorrect – The girl has pen.

Correct – The girl has a pen.

Countable Noun hw` plural nq †m‡¶‡Î Zvi c~‡e© ev‡K¨i A‡_©i Dci wbf©i K‡i The em‡Z cv‡i Avevi ev` †`qv ‡h‡Z cv‡i| †hgbt-

Ex- Girls are fond of fashion - ‡g‡qiv d¨vkb wcÖq (mKj †g‡q A‡_©)

The girls are reading - ‡g‡q¸‡jv cwo‡Z‡Q| (wbw`©ó wKQy †g‡q A‡_©)

Indefinite Article : A Ges An ‡K Indefinite Article ejv nq| mvaviYZ A Ges An Gi e¨envi sound Øviv wbav©wiZ nq| †Kvb word Gi cÖ_‡g Consonant sound _vK‡j A e‡m Ges †Kvb word Gi cÖ_‡g Vowel sound _vK‡j Zvi c~‡e© An e‡m|

†hgbt- Consonant Gi c~‡e© A Gi e¨envi → A dog, A pen, A girl, A boy, A man.

Vowel Gi c~‡e© An Gi e¨envi → An ass, An idiot, An egg, An umbrella.

Definite Article : The (w`/`¨v) ‡K Definite Article ejv nq| †Kbbv GwU e¨w³ ev e¯‘‡K wbw`©ófv‡e eySvq| Bnv Sigular countable noun, Plural countable noun Ges Uncountable noun Gi c~‡e© e‡m| †hgbt- The boy (wbw`©ó evjKwU), The boys (evjK ¸‡jv), The information (Z_¨ wU)|

                                                                  

                                                                            

                                                                           Use of “A”         

☼ k‡ãi cÖ_g A¶i Consonant n‡j †m k‡ãi c~‡e© mvaviYZ A e‡m|

‡hgb t- A boy, A girl, A yard, A horse BZ¨vw`|

☼ ‡Kvb kã hw` ‘O’ Øviv ïi“ nq Ges Zvi D”PviY ÒIqvÓ-Gi gZ nq, Z‡e H k‡ãi c~‡e©I A e‡m|

†hgb t- A one(wone)-eyed beggar, A one (wone) dollar note BZ¨vw`|

☼ Avevi †Kvb Bs‡iwR k‡ãi cÖ_g A¶i ‘E’ ‘U’ _vK‡j Zvi D”PviY ÒBDÓ -Gi gZ nq, Z‡e Zvi c~‡e© A e‡m| †hgb t- A unit, A European(Yuropean), A University(Yuniversity), A unique model, A uniform, A union, A ewe, A unicorn BZ¨vw`|

☼ Plural Noun -Gi c~‡e© few, little, good many, lot of, great many, good deal BZ¨vw` _vK‡j Zvi c~‡e© A e‡m| †hgb t- 1. She lived a great many years in India. 2. They have a lot of books.

☼ msL¨vevPK expression †hgb t- couple, dozen, score(20), hundred, thousand, million -Gi c~‡e© A e‡m| †hgb t- I bought a dozen bananas.

☼ Superlative ‘most’ Gi A_© hLb very †evSvq ZLb the Gi cwie‡Z© A e‡m| †hgb t- I saw a most wonderful place in India. She saw a most attractive lady.

☼ ev‡K¨ `y‡Uv Adjective hw` cieZx© †Kvb Noun †K Modify K‡i †m‡¶‡Î cÖ‡Z¨KwU Adjective Gi c~‡e© A em‡j `y‡Uv wfbœ Noun A_v©r Plural Object eySvq Z‡e ïay cÖ_gwUi c~‡e© Article _vK‡j Noun Object wU †K Singular eySvq| †hgb t- 1. I have a black and a white dog. (`ywU KzKzi †evSv‡”Q) 2. I have a black and white dog. (GKwU KzKzi †evSv‡”Q)|

☼ A‡bK mgq Disguised Preposition -iƒ‡c A e¨eüZ nq| †hgb t- They went a hunting. (a = on).

  

                                                                              Use of “An” 

☼ mvaviYZ k‡ãi cÖ_g A¶i Vowel n‡j Zvi c~‡e© An e‡m| †hgb t- An umbrella, An egg BZ¨vw`|

☼ k‡ãi cÖ_‡g Aby”PvwiZ H _vK‡j H k‡ãi c~‡e© An e‡m| †hgb t- An heir, An honest(honest) lady, An hour(hour) BZ¨vw`|

☼ k‡ãi cÖ_g A¶i Consonant n‡j Zvi D”PviY hw` Vowel Gi gZ nq Z‡e Zvi c~‡e© An e‡m| †hgb t- An M.A(M = am), An M.B.B.S, An L.L.B.

Use of “A/An”

☼ GKK ev BDwbU eySv‡Z A ev An e¨eüZ nq|

†hgb t- One hundred centimeters make a meter. An ounce is not enough for me.

☼ ÔGKRbÕ eySv‡Z A ev An e¨eüZ nq| Z‡e G‡¶‡Î Proper Noun wU Common Noun Gi A_© cÖKvk K‡i| †hgb t- 1. He thinks he is a Shakespeare. 2. He seems to be an American.

☼ AcwiwPZ e¨w³i bvg ev c`we (surname) -Gi c~‡e© A ev An e¨eüZ nq| Z‡e A ev An ev` w`‡q ej‡j eySvq †h e³v Zv‡K †P‡b| †hgb t- A Mr. Rahamat came to meet you.

☼ mgRvZxq wKQy eySv‡Z A ev An e¨eüZ nq| †hgb t- Birds of a feather flock together.

☼ wKQy we‡kl Phrase -Gi c~‡e© A ev An e‡m| †hgb t- In a hurry, In a body, In a fix, In a nutshell, An interest BZ¨vw`|

☼ Exclamatory Sentence hw` ‘What’ w`‡q ïi“ nq Z‡e Gi ci A ev An e‡m| ‡hgb t- 1. What a big house! 2. What an unhappy incident!

☼ Such Ges Many -Gi c‡i Countable Noun _vK‡j Zvi c~‡e© A ev An e‡m| †hgb t- 1. Such an artiste is really rare.   2. Many a boy goes to America for higher studies.

                                    

Use of “The”

Q‡›` Q‡›` The -Gi e¨envi t

b`x, mvMi, ØxccyÁ

RvnvRvw`, wMwicyÁ

RvwZ, m¤cÖ`vq, ag©MÖš’

                        ‡KvU©, wm‡bU I msev`cÎ,

ZvwiL, ce©Z I w`‡Ki bvg

hZ Av‡Q L¨vZ avg,

P›`ª, m~h©, MÖn, Zviv

                        Av‡iv hZ wek¦aiv

c„w_ex‡Z GKwU Av‡Q hZ

                        Zvi c~‡e© em‡e The,

†bB wfbœ gZ|

☼ wbw`©ó e¨w³ ev e¯‘ eySv‡Z The e¨eüZ nq| †hgb t- 1. It is nice to look at the garden. 2. Put the book on the table.

☼ ‡Kvb Awbw`©ó Noun wØZxq evi D‡j­wLZ Kiv n‡j Zvi c~‡e© The e¨eüZ nq| †hgb t- There is a man in the garden. The man is a foreigner.

☼ mgMÖ RvwZ eySv‡Z Singular Noun -Gi c~‡e© The e‡m| †hgb t- 1. The cow is a useful animal. 2. The rose is a symbol of good wishes. Z‡e mgMÖ RvwZ eySv‡Z Man Ges Woman Gi c~‡e© †Kvb Article e‡m bv| †hgb t- 1. Man (not the man) is mortal. 2. Woman (not the woman) is peace loving.

Z‡e eZ©gv‡b English G A man and A woman e¨eüZ nq| †hgb t- A woman is more sensitive than a man.

☼ Proper Noun Gi c~‡e© †Kvb Article e‡m bv| Z‡e e¨wZµg wnmv‡e wKQy Proper Noun Gi c~‡e© The e‡m| †hgb t-

1. Name of the ships	The Titanic, The M.V. Akbar.
2. Name of the newspapers	The Bangladesh Observer, The Daily Star.
3. Name of the holy books	The Quran, The Geeta, The Bible.
4. Name of the trains	The Subarna Express, The Mahanager Express.
5. Name of the aero planes	The Boing 707, The Mig 29.
6. Name of the spacecrafts	The Skylab, The Apollo-11.
7. Name of the famous buildings	The  Taj Mahal, The Victoria Memorial Hall.
8. Name of the rivers	The Meghna, The Jamuna, The Nile, The Ganga, The Amazan.
9. Name of the seas	The Red sea, The Mediterranean Sea, The Black Sea.
10. Name of the oceans	The Pacific ocean, The Atlantic ocean.
11. Name of the gulfs	The Persian Gulf, The Bay of Bengal.
12. Name of the mountain ranges	The Himalays, The Alps.
13. Name of the group of islands	The Andamans, The West Indies.
14. Name of the deserts	The Sahara, The Gobi.
15. Name of the directions	The West, The North, The South.
16. Name of the dates	The 21 February, The 16 December.
17. Name of the communities	The Muslims, The Hindus.
18. Name of the canals	The Suez Canal.
19. Name of the some books	The Iliad, The Ramayan.

N.B :- Z‡e GKwU gvÎ ce©Z (Mountain), Øxc (Island), AšÍixc (Cape) ev n«` (Lake) -Gi bv‡gi c~‡e© The e‡m bv| †hgb t- Mount Everest (GKwU gvÎ ce©Z), Java (GKwU gvÎ Øxc), Cape of Good Hope (DËgvkv AšÍixc), Lake Sambhar (m¤^i n«`)| Avevi, †Kvb †jL‡Ki bvg Øviv eB eySv‡j A_ev eB‡qi bv‡gi c~‡e© †jL‡Ki bvg _vK‡j The e‡m bv| †hgb t- I like Shakespeare’s Othello. I have read Milton.

☼ cÖK…wZ‡Z †hwU GKwUgvÎ Av‡Q Zvi bv‡gi c~‡e© The e‡m| †hgb t- 1. The sky teaches us to be great. 2. The earth goes round the sun.

☼ ‡Kvb Phrase ev Clause Gi mvnv‡h¨ Noun wU wbw`©ó n‡j The e¨eüZ nq| †hgb t- 1. The lady with the red dress is my cousin. 2. The book which I bought from Dhaka is not available in Chittagong.

Proper Noun Gi c~‡e© I c‡i hw` Adjective ev Adjectival Phrase _v‡K Z‡e Zvi c~‡e© The e‡m| †hgb t- 1. The great Alexander is a famous name. 2. Akbar the great had been ruling this sub-continent for fifty years.

☼ Superlative Degree Gi †kªôZ¡ eySv‡Z Zvi c~‡e© The e‡m| †hgb t- 1. Nova is the best girl in our college. 2. She is the most intelligent girl.

☼ Ordinal Number µgevPK msL¨vi c~‡e© The e‡m| †hgb t- 1. Who is the first girl in the term? 2. The 21 February is known as the International Mother Language Day.

☼ mgwóevPK wKsev †`‡ki mshy³ bvg eySv‡j The e‡m| †hgb t- 1. The USA (United States of America), The Irish Republic, The UK, The Irelands, The Netherlands.

☼ ‡Kvb Nation ev Race (RvwZ) eySv‡Z The e¨envi Kiv nq| †hgb t- 1. The English are always punctual.

(N.B :- G‡¶‡Î English Gi c~‡e© The bv _vK‡j Zv fvlv eySv‡e) 2. The Bengalis are a brave nation. 

☼ ev`¨hš¿ evRv‡bv eySv‡j Zvi c~‡e© The e‡m| Zv bv n‡j The e‡m bv| †hgb t- He plays the flute. Z‡e Group Verb wnmv‡e Play on e¨envwiZ n‡j The nq bv| †hgb t- He plays on (not the) flute.

☼ Adjective hLb †kªYx eySvq, ZLb Zvi c~‡e© The e‡m| †hgb t- 1. The rich (= rich men) are proud. 2. The poor ( = poor men) are always neglected.  ☼ Singular Designation Gi c~‡e© The e‡m| †hgb t- The Prime Minister, The President BZ¨vw`|

‡Kvb ev‡K¨i ïi“‡Z `ywU c`ex _vK‡j Zv Plural Subject eySv‡Z Dfq c`exi c~‡e© The e‡m Z‡e ïay cÖ_gwUi c~‡e© The emv‡j Zv Singular Subject eySvq| †hgb t- 1. The Principal and the Secretary (`yRb e¨w³ eySv‡”Q) of the college are present today. 2. The Principal and Secretary (GKRb e¨w³ eySv‡”Q) of the college is present today.

☼ GKB ev‡K¨ Double Comparative n‡j DfqwUi c~‡e© The e‡m| †hgb t- 1. The sooner, the better. 2. The more you travel, the more you learn.

☼ ‡Kvb KvD‡K hw` †Kvb mg‡qi Rb¨ we‡kl †¶‡Î weL¨vZ g‡b Kiv nq Z‡e †mB †¶ÎwUi c~‡e© The e‡m| †hgb t- 1. Runa is the singer of the day.   2. Sakib is the player of the year.

☼ Collective Noun Gi c~‡e© The e‡m| †hgb t- The elite, The audience, The class BZ¨vw`|

☼ Uncountable Noun -‡K Ab¨ wKQyi mv‡_ m¤ú„³ K‡i wbw`©ó Ki‡Z n‡j Zvi c~‡e© The e¨envi Ki‡Z nq| †hgb t- 1. The gold of Saudi Arab is pure 2. The honey of Sunderbans is the best. (the …….. of . . .)

☼ Common Noun hw` Abstract Noun -Gi A_© cÖKvk K‡i Zvn‡j Zvi c~‡e© The e‡m| †hgb t- 1. The mother (motherly qualities) rose in her. 2. We should check the beast (beastly passion) in us.

☼ Zzjbv eySv‡Z ev‡K¨ ‘of the two’ K_vwU _vK‡j Comparative Gi c~‡e© then = the hy³ nq| †hgb t- She is the better of the two girls.

☼ msL¨vevPK kã Øviv Unit eySv‡bv n‡j Zvi c~‡e© The e‡m| †hgb t- 1. He sells oranges by the dozen. 2. They sell eggs by the score.

N.B :- GB †¶‡Î by the dozens/by the scores †jLv hv‡e bv|

☼ mvaviY hvIqv eySv‡j wKQy kã †hgb t- School, college, mosque, church, hospital, market, bed, prison, square, palace, park BZ¨vw`i c~‡e© Article e‡m bv| Z‡e we‡kl †Kvb D‡Ï‡k¨ Hme ¯’v‡b hvIqv eySv‡j to -Gi ci Article e‡m| †hgb t- 1. We go to the college everyday. 2. We should take the patient to the hospital

e¨wZµg t- I went to the college to see our friends. (we‡kl D‡Ï‡k¨ hvIqv)|

☼ Road -Gi bv‡gi c~‡e© The e‡m| wKš‘ Street ev Avenue Gi c~‡e© The e‡m bv| †hgb t- 1. The taxi is running on the main road. 2. The shop is on Rakin Street. 3. The dress is available in a shop on Bangabandhu Avenue.

We say →                                The Top

                                    The Left          →        The Middle     →        The Right

                                                                        The Bottom

     ‡hgb t- 1. Write your name at the top of the page. 2. The table is in the middle of the room.

☼ ‡Kvb we‡kl †kªYxi g‡a¨ Zzjbv eySv‡j Proper Noun Gi c~‡e© The e‡m| †hgb t- Chittagong is the queen of Bangladesh. Nazrul is the Byron of England.

☼ ‡Kvb wKQyi we‡kl Ask eySv‡Z Adjective -Gi c~‡e© The e‡m| †hgb t- 1. She likes the yellow of an egg. (wW‡gi nj‡` Kzmyg) 2. The soldiers entered the thick of the jungle.

☼ KL‡bv KL‡bv Common Noun -Gi c~‡e© Possessive Adjective wnmv‡e The e‡m| †hgb t- 1. He caught me by the hand (the = my). 2. The hijacker struck him on the head (the = his).

No Articles 

☼ mvaviYZ Proper Noun Gi c~‡e© Article e‡m bv| †hgb t- 1. ×  Chittagong is the commercial capital of Bangladesh. 2. ×  Shakespeare is a great dramatist.

☼ Material Noun Gi c~‡e© mvaviYZ Article e‡m bv| Z‡e we‡klfv‡e wbw`©ó Ki‡j Material Noun Gi c~‡e© The e‡m| †hgb t- 1. × Diamond is costly. e¨wZµg t- The Diamond of Arabian countries is pure.

☼ Abstract Noun Gi c~‡e© mvaviYZ †Kvb Article e‡m bv| Z‡e wbw`©ó K‡i eySv‡j Gi c~‡e© The em‡Z cv‡i| †hgb t- 1. ___X___Happiness is always blessing. 2. ___X___Honesty is the best policy. e¨wZµg t- The Happiness of mind is the real happiness.

☼ Home Gi Av‡M Article e‡m bv| wKš‘ Home hw` †Kvb Phrase wKsev Clause Øviv wbw`©ó Kiv nq Zvn‡j The e‡m| †hgb t- I came home last night. e¨wZµg t- We came to the home where we stayed last year.

☼ ‡Ljv ev Lvev‡ii bv‡gi c~‡e© Article e‡m bv| hw` Breakfast, lunch, dinner, supper Gi c~‡e© Adjective _v‡K Zvn‡j A e‡m Ges wbw`©ó K‡i eySv‡j The e‡m| †hgb t- 1. We play Hockey everyday. 2. I take breakfast at 7 o’clock.

e¨wZµg t- I had a late lunch today. The dinner we had at tourist hotel was very nice.

☼ FZz I Drm‡ei bv‡gi c~‡e© mvaviYZ Article e‡m bv| †hgb t- × Spring  is my favorite. I meet my friends on × Eid Day. 

☼ King ev Queen Gi m‡½ Zv‡u`i bvg _vK‡j wKsev †Kvb Title hw` Appositive wnmv‡e _v‡K Z‡e Article e‡m bv| ‡hgb t- 1. We know about Queen Victoria. 2. Mr. Ifteker, Principal of Chittagong College, is a knowledgeable person.

☼ Objective complement Gi c~‡e© Article e‡m bv| †hgb t- 1. We made him leader. 2. She was elected secretary of the club.

☼ Transitive Verb Gi Objective †K wb‡q MwVZ Phrase G Object Av‡M Article e‡m bv| †hgb t- To catch fire, to cast anchor, to lose heart. To take breath, to give battle, to set foot, to send word, to bring word, to set sail, to strike root, to take offence etc.

☼ Prepositional Phrase G Article e‡m bv| †hgb t- At home, by day, by air, from hand to mouth, in hand, at sun set, at anchor, at sight, on demand, at interest, on earth, by land, by water, by river, by train, on deck, in jest, at ease, under ground, by name, on horse back, on foot etc.