Tense

Tense

Tense kãwU Latin Word ‘tempus’ †_‡K G‡m‡Q hvi A_© ‘time’ ev ‘mgq’| cÖ‡Z¨KwU Bs‡iwR Sentence B †Kvb bv †Kvb Tense Gi Aš—fy©³| Kv‡RB Bs‡iwR Sentence ï× K‡i ej‡Z I wjL‡Z Ges Grammar Gi  cÖ‡Z¨KwU kvLvi Dci `¶Zv AR©‡bi Rb¨ Tense Gi ¸iZ¡ Acwimxg| ZvB Tense †K ‘Soul of English language’ ev ÕBs‡iwR fvlvi AvZœvÕ ejv nq|

Tense k‡ãi A_© Kvj ev mgq| Bs‡iwR†Z wµqv msNwUZ nIqvi Kvj ev mgq †K Tense e‡j| 

†Kvb KvR KLb msNwUZ nq, n‡qwQj wKsev n‡e Zv Tense Gi iƒcMZ cwieZ©‡bi gva¨‡g Rvbv hvq|

cÖªKvi‡f`: cÖavbZ wZb cÖKvi| h_v: 1. Present Tense (eZ©gvb Kvj) 2. Past Tense (AZxZ Kvj)  3. Future Tense (fwel¨Z Kvj)

GB wZb cÖªKv‡ii cÖ‡Z¨KwU‡KÖ Avevi Pvi fv‡M fvM Kiv n‡q‡Q| h_v: (1) Simple / Indefinite (2) Continuous (3) Perfect (4) Perfect Continuous

 

	Present Simple / Indefinite	Past Simple / Indefinite	Future Simple / Indefinite
	eZ©gv‡b †Kvb KvR nq, Af¨vm, wiwZbxwZ, wPiš—b mZ¨, HwZnvwmK mZ¨, KviI Dw³ ev evYx eySv‡Z Verb Gi Simple Present Tense nq|	AZxZ Kv‡j †Kvb KvR msNwVZ n‡qwQj ev m¤úbœ n‡qwQj eySv‡Z verb Gi Past Simple Tense nq|	fwel¨‡Z †Kvb KvR ev NUbv msNwVZ n‡e eySv‡Z verb Gi Future Simple Tense nq|
Structure (MVb)	Subject + verb Gi present form + Extension. ** Subject, 3rd person singular number n‡j verb Gi mv‡_ s/es ‡hvM Ki‡Z nq|	Sub + verb Gi past form + Extension.	Sub + shall/will + verb Gi present form + Extension.
Use (e¨envi)	a.       Universal truth (wPiš—b mZ¨): The sky is blue. Water has no colour. b.      Customs and habits (ixwZbxwZ ev Af¨vm) The Muslims say their prayers five times daily.(custom) Babu gets up at 6 a.m. everyday. (habit) c.       Future action (fwel¨Z mg‡qi D‡j­L _v‡K) Mr. Kan leaves for London next month. d.      Present moment (eZ©gvb g~ûZ©) Jahi plays cricket. e.       Historic present (BwZnvm eY©bvq): Alexander invades India. f.       Introduce quotations (Dw³ ev DׄwË D‡j­L Ki‡Z): Mohammed (sw) said “The worldly life is a corn-field for the life of hear-after.” g.      Usually, often, sometime, never, everyday/ week/ year, naturally, occasionally, regularly, daily, on Friday/ Eid day, twice/thrice a year/week BZ¨vw` _vK‡j present simple nq| Jahid occasionally goes village home. Mr. Rifat comes Dhaka twice a week.	a.       To indicate an action or event that completed in the past. (AZxZ Kv‡j †Kvb KvR n‡qwQj ev †Kvb NUbv N‡UwQj eySv‡j) I visited Dhaka last month. b.      For past habits (AZxZ Af¨vm): She always carried an umbrella. c.       To express politeness (f`ªZv cÖKv‡k) Would you please give me a glass of water? d.       It is time, It is high time Gi c‡ii clause G It is high time you left the place. It is time you went. e.       Since Gi c‡ii clause G t  It is long time since we met.	a.       To express future actions or event (fwel¨‡Z †Kvb KvR ev NUbv msNwVZ n‡e eySv‡Z): Bangladesh will win the match. b.      Subject + believe/ think/ expected/ Probably Gi c‡ii clause G We believe that something will happen in future. I am sure that you will secure golden A+. c.       requests, promises and offers eySv‡j Will you buy some bread on your way home?(request) We will be back early, don’t worry.(promise) I’ll help you with your homework.(offer) V + es KLb n‡e ÑÑ 1. Verb Gi †kl letter O n‡j: goes, does 2. ch Gi D”PviY ÔPÕ Gi gZ n‡j: catches, watches   3. Consonent + y n‡j: ies n‡e: flies(fly), tries(try) GQvov Ab¨ me †¶‡Î verb + s n‡e: plays, looks

	Present Continuous Tense	Past Continuous Tense	Future Continuous Tense
	†Kvb KvR eZ©gv‡b n‡”Q ev Pj‡Q eySv‡j Verb Gi Present Continuous Tense nq|	AZxZ Kv‡j †Kvb KvR nw”Qj ev PjwQj eySv‡j verb Gi Past Continuous Tense nq|	Verb Gi KvRwU fwel¨‡Z Pj‡Z ev NU‡Z _vK‡e eySv‡Z verb Gi  Future Continuous Tense nq|
Structure	Sub + am/is/are + (verb+ing) + Extension.	Sub + was/were + (verb+ing) + Extension.	Sub + (shall/will) be + (verb+ing) + Extension.
Use	a.  GB gyû‡Z© hv NU‡Q eySv‡Z: I am reading Macbeth. b.      mvgwqK †Kvb NUbv: Raju is sleeping now. c.      fwel¨Z NUbv (Future action) Bappy is going to Dhaka tomorrow. (mg‡qi D‡j­L Ki‡Z n‡e) d.  cwieZ©bkxj Ae¯’v eySv‡Z: Climate is changing day by day. e.  ‡Kvb KvR evievi GKBfv‡e NU‡Z _vK‡j:   Ram writes same thing again and again.   (always, continually, constantly etc.)	1.       AZx‡Z Pjgvb †Kvb NUbv: People were shouting slogans at the meeting. 2.      AZxZ NUbvi †cÖw¶‡Z †Kvb Pjgvb NUbv: I was writing a letter when the telephone rang.	1.       fwel¨‡Z GKwU KvR Pj‡Z _vK‡e eySv‡Z: I will be playing cricket in the afternoon. 2.      KviI Plans or Intentions ev cwiKíbv/B”Qv m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z: Will you be going by train?
		** wb‡Pi Verb ¸‡jvi mvaviYZ continuous nq bv:- 1.     Verbs of perception: e.g., see, hear, smell, notice, recognize. 2.     Verbs of appearing: e.g., appear, look, seem. 3.     Verbs of emotion: e.g., want, wish, desire, feel, like, love, hate, hope, refuse, prefer. 4.     Verbs of thinking: e.g., think, suppose, believe, agree, consider, imagine, trust, remember, forget, know, understand, mean, mind. 5.     Have (=possess), own, possess, belong to, contain, consist of, be (passive G e¨envi e¨ZxZ) we.`ª. Dc‡ii Verb ¸‡jv A_© cwieZ©b K‡i Continuous n‡Z cv‡i|             They are having lunch. (have = eat) Dc‡i D‡j­wLZ verb ¸‡jv hw` state ev (Ae¯’v, nvj, cwiw¯’wZ) eySvq Zvn‡j G‡`i continuous n‡e bv Ges hw` action ev (wµqv ev Kg©) eySvq Zvn‡j continuous n‡e| The soup tastes salty. (state) He is tasting The soup. (action)

	Present Perfect Tense	Past Perfect Tense	Future Perfect Tense
	‡h verb GB gvÎ †kl n‡q‡Q wKš‘ Zvi cÖfve ev djvdj GL‡bv we`¨gvb, GBiƒc eySv‡Z Verb Gi Present Perfect Tense nq|	AZxZKv‡j `ywU KvR msNwUZ n‡j †h KvRwU Av‡M msNwUZ n‡qwQj Zv cÖKvk Ki‡Z Verb Gi Past Perfect Tense nq|	fwel¨‡Z GKwU KvR †kl nIqvi c~‡e© Ab¨ GKwU KvR †kl n‡e Ggb eySv‡Z †kl nIqv Verb Gi Future Perfect Tense nq|
Structure (MVb)	Sub + have/has + verb Gi past participle + Extension.	Sub + had + verb Gi past participle + extension.	Sub + (shall/will) have + verb Gi past participle + extension.
Use (e¨envi)	1.       GBgvÎ †Kvb KvR †kl n‡q‡Q eySv‡Z: I have just done the work. 2.      Just, already, since, for, yet, ever, just now, lately, recently now, never, often, present, so far, up to BZ¨vw` sentence G _vK‡j: Have you ever visited Dhaka? 3.      AZx‡Z †Kvb KvR ïi“ n‡q GL‡bv Pj‡Q eySv‡Z: I have read in this college since 2007.	1.       AZxZKv‡j `ywU KvR msNwUZ n‡j †h KvRwU Av‡M msNwUZ n‡qwQj Zv cÖKvk Ki‡Z : I had done the work before he came. 2.      No sooner........than, scarcely...........when, hardly........ when, BZ¨vw` sentence G _vK‡j cÖ_g clause G past perfect tense nq| No sooner had our father entered the room than we started to read. 3.      Hardly, scarcely, (semi negative) sentence G _vK‡j: We had hardly started when it began to rain.	1.       †Kvb mg‡qi c~‡e© KvR †kl Kie eySv‡Z: I shall have written the letter by that time. 2.      GKwU Kv‡Ri c~‡e© Ab¨wU: I shall have finished the work before the sun sets.

	Present Perfect Continuous Tense	Past perfect continuous tense	Future perfect continuous tense
	‡Kvb KvR Av‡M ïi“ n‡q GL‡bv Pj‡Q eySv‡Z Verb Gi Present Perfect Continuous Tense nq| GLv‡b j¶¨ Kivi welq n‡jv AZx‡Zi †Kvb GKwU wbw`©ó wKsev Awbw`©ó mg‡q KvRwU ïi“ n‡q‡Q Ges GwU GL‡bv Pjgvb i‡q‡Q|	AZx‡Z †Kvb GKwU KvR A‡bK mgq a‡i PjwQj eySv‡Z Verb Gi Past Perfect Continuous Tense nq|	fwel¨‡Z GKwU KvR A‡b¶Y a‡i Pj‡Z _vK‡e eySv‡Z Verb Gi  Future Perfect Continuous Tense nq| GKwU Kv‡Ri c~‡e© Av‡iKwU eySv‡ZI Future Perfect Continuous Tense
Structure (MVb)	Sub + have/has + been + (Verb+ing) + Extension + since/for + point/period of time.	Sub + had been + (verb+ing) + Extension + point / period of time.	(1)   Subject + (shall/will) have been + (Verb+ing) + until / before + subject + verb (2)   Subject + (shall/will) +have been + (verb + ing) + other words + since/for + time
Use (e¨envi)	D`vniY: ‡m mKvj 6 Uv †_‡K co‡Q Ñ He has been reading since 6 a.m. Avgiv GLv‡b 10 eQi a‡i evm KiwQ Ñ We have been living here for 10 years.	D`vniY: m~h© †Wvevi c~‡e© †L‡jvqvoiv `yB N›Uv hver †Lwj‡ZwQj Ñ The players had been playing for two hours before the sun set.	D`vniY : (1)evev evwo Avmv ch©š— Avwg co‡Z _vKe Ñ I will have been reading until father comes home. (2)iwng GK N›Uv a‡i AsK Kl‡Z _vK‡e - Rahim will have been doing sums for an hour.
	KLb since Ges KLb for em‡e: Since em‡e KvRwU ïi“ nIqvi mgq †`qv _vK‡j Ges for em‡e KvRwU KZ mgq a‡i n‡q‡Q eySv‡j| KLb †_‡K Ñ since ; KZ¶Y hver/a‡i Ñ for Since Gi ¯’‡j from I e¨eüZ n‡Z cv‡i| Z‡e Since present tense / past tense G e¨eüZ nq| Ges from †h †Kvb tense G e¨eüZ nq|