tag question

Tag Question

Ø What is tag question?

“Tag k‡ãi A_© Ry‡o †`qv| Convesartion (K‡_vcK_b) Gi mgq †Kvb Assertive Sentence Gi †k‡l †kªvZvi ¯^xK…wZ ev mg_b© †P‡q †h msw¶ß cªkœ Ry‡o †`qv nq, Zv‡K  Tag Question e‡j| G †¶‡Î mvavibZ  Positive    Statement

( nu¨v †evaK evK¨ ) Gi mv‡_ Negative Tag Ges Negative Statement ( bv †evaK evK¨ ) Gi mv‡_ Positive Tag e¨envi Kiv nq |

Ex: He is a student, isn’t he?

        He is not a student, is he?

Tag Question  Gi ¸i“Z¡c~b© wbqvgewj:

1.    gyj Sentence wU AcwiewZ©Z Ae¯’vq e‡m|

2.    Comma (,) e‡m|

3.   cÖ`Ë Sentence Gi Auxiliary Verb e‡m|

4.    n’t e‡m| (hw` statement wU Positive nq)

5.   cÖ`Ë Sentence Gi Subject wUi Pronoun e‡m|

6.    Note of Interrogation (?) wPý e‡m|

Ex: He eats rice, doesn’t he?

Bs‡iRx‡Z mvavibZ 24 wU Operator Av‡Q| h_v: Am, is are, was, were, shall, will, should, would, may, might, can, could, used to, ought to, must,  have, has, had, do, did, does, dare, need to BZ¨vw` Auxiliary verb, Sentence G _vK‡j Tag Question Kivi mgq cÖ_‡g cÖ`Ë Auxiliary verb + n’t  wU e‡m (hw` evK¨wU Positive nq) Ges Subject Gi Pronoun e‡m + cÖ‡kœv‡evaK wPý e‡m|

Ex: He can do it, can’t he?

You were not going there, were you?

Ø Auxiliary Verb wenxb Statement ‡K Tag Question Kivi wbqg:

cÖ`Ë Sentence wU e‡m + Comma (,) e‡m+ Do/Does/did e‡m + n’t e‡m (hw`  statement wU n¨uv †evaK nq)+ cÖ`Ë Sentence wUi Subject Gi pronoun e‡m + cÖ‡kœv‡evaK wPý e‡m|

Ex: He reads a book, doesn’t he?

You sang a song, didn’t you?

They catch fish, don’t they?

Note: Subject wU Third Person Singular Number n‡j Ges Sentence wU hw` Present Indefinite Tense G _v‡K, Zvn‡j does e‡m| Ab¨ me †¶‡Î do e‡m| Ges Sentence wU hw` Past Indifinte Tense G _v‡K Z‡e did e‡m|

Ø g~j Verb w`‡q ïi“ nIqv Imperative Sentence  G Tag Question Kivi †¶‡Î will you/won’t you/would you/can’t you/ could you e‡m|  

Prepared by H. M. SAKIL AHAMED Dept. of English IIUC

         

  Ex: Give me a pen, will you?

Open the door, can’t you?

 Let them play cricket, will you?

Wait here a moment, can you?

Ø    Don’t/Never hy³ Imperative Sentence Gi †¶‡Î Will you e‡m|

            Ex: Don’t miss your class, will you? 

                          Don’t forget me, will you?

Ø    Imperative Sentence wU hw` Let’s w`‡q ïi“ n‡j Shall we e‡m|

            Ex:  Let’s solve the problem, shall we?

Let’s go out for a walk, shall we? 

Ø    Negative kã h_v: Never, hardly, rarely, scarcely, seldom, few, little etc. hy³ Sentence Gi Tag Question  Affirmative n‡e|

Ex: He seldom comes here, does he?

There is little water in the pot, is there?

Ø    Sentence Gi Subject wnmv‡e Somebody, anybody, everybody, nobody, no one, none, neither, n‡j Pronoun they e‡m|

           Ex: Neither of them went there, did they?

Nobody believes him, do they?

Ø    Sentence “Here/There” w`‡q ïi“ n‡j Here/There e‡m Ges Nothing w`‡q ïi“ n‡j pronoun ‘It’ nq|

            Ex: There is little water in the pot, is there?

                          Nothing can concern you, can it?

        

Ø    Be Verb hy³ Exclamatory Sentence Gi †¶‡Î isn’t/aren’t e‡m Ges Subject wUi  Pronoun nq|   

            Ex: How fine the flower is, isn’t it?

                 How cleaver the boy is, isn’t he?

Ø    g~j Verb hy³ Exclamatory Sentence Gi †¶‡Î Don’t/doesn’t/didn’t e‡m|

            Ex: How sweetly the girl sings, doesn’t she?

                  How sweetly the birds sing, don’t they?

Ø    British Ges American Style G e¨eüZ Tag Question Gi †¶‡Î wKQy cv_©K¨ j¶¨ Kiv hvq|

Prepared by H. M. SAKIL AHAMED Dept. of English IIUC

            Ex: He had a cow, didn’t he?  (Am)

                  He had a cow, hadn’t he? (Br)

 
Transformation of Sentence

Ø What is Transformation of Sentence?

Ans:-Transformation ( i“cvš—i) wU transform ( i“cvš—i Kiv) verb ‡_‡K G‡m‡Q| GKwU evK¨‡K `yfv‡e cwieZ©b Kiv hvq| h_v: evK¨ MV‡bi mv‡_ mv‡_ A‡_©i cwieZ©b K‡i, hv‡K Conversion of Sentence e‡j Ges evK¨ MV‡bi mv‡_ mv‡_ A‡_©i cwieZ©b bv K‡i, Zv‡K Transformation of Sentence e‡j|

               

Affirmative to Negative

Ø ‡Kvb Sentence G Only _vK‡j Ges Zvi c‡i ev Av‡M e¨vw³/e¯‘evPK Objective _vK‡j, Negative Ki‡Z †mB ¯’v‡b Object Gi Av‡M None but(Object e¨vw³ evPK ev Indirect object n‡j)/Nothing but(Object e¯‘evPK ev Direct object n‡j) e‡m|

     Ex:     He has only a few toys.

                He has nothing but a few toys.

                He saw only Rahim in the meeting.

                     He saw none but Rahim in the meeting.

Ø ‡Kvb Sentence G Must _vK‡j, Zv‡K Negative Ki‡Z ‡mB(Must Gi) ¯’v‡b  Can’t  but +verb (base form)/can’t help +(Verb+ing) e‡m|

     Ex:   You must read attentively.

             You can’t but read attentively. or

             You can’t help reading attentively.  

Ø ‡Kvb Sentence hw` Every w`‡q ïi“ nq Zvn‡j Every Gi cwie‡Z©  There is no+ Every Gi c‡ii Ask()+ but +  evwK Ask|

     Ex:     Every mother loves her child.

                There is no mother but loves her child.

Ø ‡Kvb Sentence- Gi ga¨Kvi Adjective kãwUi Antonym emv‡Z nq Ges ‡m‡¶‡G D³ Antonym kãwUi c~‡e© not emv‡Z nq|

Ex: You are honest.

You are not dishonest.

Ø ‡Kvb Sentence hw` Always _v‡K, Always Gi cwie‡Z© Never Ges Gi ci wecixZ Word e‡m|

Ex:     He is Always late.

           He is never punctual.

Ø ‡Kvb Sentence G Too +Adj + to _vK‡j, Zvi cwie‡Z©  so+ Adj+ that + Subject + can’t/couldn’t e‡m|

Ex:     He is too lazy to work.

           He is so lazy that he can’t work.

Ø ‡Kvb Sentence G As soon as Gi cwie‡Z©  No sooner had e‡m + Subject       + verb(pp)+Sentence Gi evwK Ask e‡m + than e‡m + 2^nd Sentence e‡m|

Ex:     As soon as the thief saw the police, he ran away.

          No sooner had the thief seen     the police than  he ran away.

Ø ‡Kvb Sentence G As.... as _vK‡j,  Zvi cwie‡Z© Not less...than  e‡m|

Ex:     Jim and Della were as wise as Jui.

Jim and Della were not less wise than Jui.

       To Change in to Simple, Complex, Compound

      Simple                                    Complex                      Compound

Ø   Because of + (Verb+ing)/    As/Since/When           And(Kvib/djvdj )

(Verb+ing)

       Ex:- Simple: Closing  the door, I went back to work. 

               Complex: When  I closed the door, I went to back to work. 

               Compound: I closed the door and went back to work.

       Simple                                          Complex                      Compound

Ø In spite of                        Though/although            But

       Ex:- Simple: Closing  the door, I went back to work. 

              Complex: Though he is weak, he can walk fast.

              Compound: He is weak but he can walk fast.

       Simple                                          Complex                      Compound

Ø By + (Verb+ing)                If + affirmative           Imperative + or

       Ex:- Simple: By working hard, you can succeed in life.

               Complex: If you work hard, you can succeed in life. \

               Compound: Work hard and succeed in life.

       Simple                                          Complex                      Compound

Ø Without + (Verb+ing)             If + negative                     Imperative + or

 Ex:- Simple: Without working hard, you will not prosper in life.

              Complex: If you don’t work hard, you will not prosper in life.

              Compound: Work hard or you will not prosper in life.

    Simple                              Complex                      Compound

Ø To/inorder to             So that/inorder that                        And                 

Ex:- Simple: We eat to live. Ex:- we eat so that can live. Ex:- we eat and live.

Simple                           Complex                   Compound

Ø Too...To                          So...that                         And

  I am too weak to walk.       I am so weak that          I am weak and I can not walk

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